Umkhokeli wabakhenkethi ukuya kwiMinyhadala ephezulu eCambodia
Umnyhadala waseCambodia ubonisa imbali yelizwe etyebileyo neyahlukeneyo yenkcubeko. Uninzi lwemibhiyozo lulandela umjikelo wenyanga yeKhmer kwaye lufumana impembelelo kubuBhuda, ubuHindu kunye namasiko amadala asebukhosini.
Njengazo zonke ezinye izizwe ezisemhlabeni, iCambodia inenkcubeko yayo eyahlukileyo, ebandakanya iminyhadala eliqela yonyaka. Njengoko ukhenketho kunye nokuhamba eCambodia kukhula, kunokuba mnandi ukukuhamba ngeyona mibhiyozo ibalulekileyo yelizwe.
Ukuba unazo naziphi na izicwangciso zokutyelela eKhambodiya kungekudala, ukuthatha inxaxheba kule minyhadala kunokukutsala umdla. Nokuba iinkumbulo zabahlali balapha zisangcoliswe yiminyaka yongquzulwano kunye nemfazwe yamakhaya, kumnandi ukubabona bonke behonjiswe kumnyhadala wabo weCambodiya ngalo lonke ixesha umbhiyozo ujikeleza.
Amaxesha onyaka, ixesha lokuvuna, izizalwane zookhokho, uBuddha, okanye ukumkani zonke ziyahlonelwa ebudeni beminye yemithendeleko. Oku kulandelayo yiminyhadala embalwa eyaziwayo onokuthi uye kuyo eCambodia:
UNyaka oMtsha waseKhmer
Lo mbhiyozo, ubizwa ngokuba Choul Chnam Thmey ekuhlaleni, kusenokwenzeka ukuba yeyona inkulu kulo lonke elaseCambodia. Lo mbhiyozo, odla ngokuba ngoAprili nyaka ngamnye, ubangela ukuba uninzi lwabantu baseKhambodiya babuyele ekhaya baze bachithe ubuncinane iintsuku ezintathu apho nezalamane zabo ukuze babhiyozele.
Abahlali balapho benza izinto ezininzi ngokwesiko ebudeni bezi ntsuku zintathu, kuquka ukucamngca kwimizi yoonongendi, ukutshisa amakhandlela kwiindawo ezingcwele zamalungu entsapho angasekhoyo nokwenza iminikelo.
Emva kokuba imisitho igqityiwe, abantu balapha baba nemihlali kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwimidlalo eyahlukeneyo ebandakanya ngokwenene abo babathandayo ngomoya weholide.
Nkqu nezona zixeko zikhulu zaseKhambodiya zifumana imeko eyoyikisayo efana nedolophu ngexesha lomnyhadala kuba abantu abaninzi baya (nangona iholide esemthethweni imiselwe iintsuku ezi-3 kuphela).
Iholide yeKhmer ye Choul Chnam Thmey-okuguqulelwa ngokuthi "Ngena kuNyaka oMtsha" -kuphawula ukuphela kwexesha lokuvuna kunye nokuqala konyaka owongezelelweyo kwikhalenda yenyanga. Ikwalixesha lokubulela uthixo ngezinto abazenzileyo kunyaka ophelileyo nokwenza izicelo zethamsanqa kulowo uzayo.
Igama elithi Maha Songkran, eliguqulela ngokuthi "utshintsho olukhulu," linikezelwa ngosuku lokuqala lomthendeleko. Abantu baqoqosha amakhaya abo, bawahombise besebenzisa izithungu zentyatyambo namakhandlela akhanyiswe, baze banike iimonki ukutya ngolu suku. Ukongeza, banxiba iimpahla ezitsha kwaye baya kubona abadala babo ukuze babonise intlonelo kwaye bafumane izipho zabo.
Usuku lwesibini luyaziwa njengeVirak Wanabat, eguqulela ngokoqobo "kusuku lokupha". Ngolu suku, abantu banikela izidlo neminikelo kwabo bangenamakhaya nabangamahlwempu ukongezelela ekunikeleni kwiimonki ezisebenza ezitempileni. Ukongeza, benza isiko elaziwa ngokuba yiSraung Preah apho abathathi-nxaxheba bafefaza amanzi omnye komnye kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo kaBuddha njengophawu lokuhlanjululwa kunye nobuhlobo.
Usuku lwesithathu lwaziwa ngokuba Tngay Leang Saka, eliguqulela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba "unyaka omtsha uqala". Abantu bahlala bendwendwela izalamane kunye neetempile ngolu suku, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kweminye imidlalo eyahlukeneyo kunye nemisebenzi.
Imidlalo embalwa ethandwayo ngumdlalo wokutsalwa kwemfazwe weBos Angkunh, umdlalo wokuphosa imbewu uAngkunh, kunye nomdlalo wokuphosa ibhola uChol Chhoung. Intsebenziswano kunye nentsebenziswano yabathathi-nxaxheba kufuneka ikhuthazwe ngale midlalo.
Usuku lwe-Meak Bochea
Usuku lwe-Meak Bochea, iholide edumileyo yamaBhuda, ibonwa malunga nenyanga epheleleyo yenyanga yesi-3 kwikhalenda yeKhmer kwiKhambodiya kunye nezinye izizwe zaseMazantsi-mpuma eAsia. Nangona usuku oluchanekileyo luhluka unyaka nonyaka, luhlala lusenzeka ngasekupheleni kwenyanga kaFebruwari okanye ekuqaleni kukaMatshi.
Esi siganeko sihlonipha umzuzu xa iNkosi uBuddha yanikela intshumayelo yakhe yokugqibela phambi kwesihlwele esikhulu esiquka abefundisi ababehlanganisene ngokuzithandela ukuze baphulaphule. Wazidibanisa iingcamango ezisisiseko zobuBhuda zaba yimigaqo emithathu kwintshumayelo yakhe: ukuphepha bonke ububi, ukwenza oko kulungileyo kuphela, nokucoca umntu ongaphakathi.
Kwakhona wakubona kwangaphambili ukutshabalala kwakhe, okwakuza kwenzeka kanye ngomhla awazalwa ngawo nokuvuka kwakhe, kwiinyanga ezintathu kamva.
AmaBhuda azinikeleyo agcina imimiselo yamaBhuda kwaye enze imisebenzi epheleleyo encomekayo ngoSuku lweMeak Bochea, njengokunika ukutya kunye nezinye iimfuno kwiimonki, ukucamngca, ukuva iintetho zeDharma kunye nokucula.
Baba nenxaxheba kumatsha okukhanyisa amakhandlela ngokujikeleza iindawo ezingcwele emva kwemini ngoxa bephethe amakhandlela, isiqhumiso neentyatyambo. Bajikeleza iindawo ezingcwele ngezihlandlo ezithathu ezahlukeneyo njengembonakaliso yokuhlonipha uBuddha, iDharma yakhe (iimfundiso), kunye neSangha (abalandeli bakhe).
AmaBhuda agcina uSuku lweMeak Bochea njengosuku lokuzihlaziya kunye nokuzazisa ngokomoya. Ikwalusuku lokubonisa uthando nokuncoma uvelwano nobulumko bukaBuddha, obuncede inyambalala yabantu iminyaka engaphezu kwama-2,000.
Bon Om Touk okanye uMnyhadala waManzi
Imithendeleko yaseCambodia ibonisa ixabiso eliphezulu leshishini labo lezolimo. Abahlali balapha baxhomekeke kakhulu kwimvula ngexesha lemvula kuba uqoqosho lwabo luxhomekeke kwezolimo. Umlambo iMekong uyakhula ngenxa yeemvula ezinkulu, ezithwele intlenge echumileyo yokulima. Rhoqo ngonyaka ngo-Epreli, uMthendeleko waManzi wenziwa.
Abahlali bahlanganisana ecaleni komlambo ngexesha lo mbhiyozo weentsuku ezintathu waseKhambodiya ukuya babulela kuThixo wabo waManzi ngokubabonelela ngobomi babo ngentabalala yamanzi acocekileyo nomgquba wendalo.
UMlambo iMekong ulikhaya lemidlalo emininzi ecwangcisiweyo kwaye ugcwele izikhephe zohambo. Imibhiyozo ebanzi yokukhanya kwenyanga yenziwa ebusuku, yaye lo mbhiyozo uba nzulu kude kube sebusuku.
Igama leKhmer loMnyhadala waManzi nguBon Om Touk, eliguqulela ngokuthi "ukuguqulwa kwangoku". Oku kubhekiselele kwisiganeko esingaqhelekanga esenzeka ngalo lonke ixesha uMlambo iTonle Sap kabini ngonyaka, ngokwexesha lonyaka, utshintsha indlela yawo. UThixo waManzi, oqinisekisa ukuba iChibi leTonle Sap liphuphuma ziintlanzi namanzi okulinywa, kucingelwa ukuba uye wakusikelela ukuguquka kwemisinga.
Umdyarho wamaphenyane, notsalela amaqela amaninzi asuka kwiindawo ngeendawo, ngowona msitho uphambili walo mnyhadala. Ababheqi banxibe iimpahla ezifanayo, kwaye izikhephe zihonjiswe ngeentloko zedragoni kunye neeflegi ezimibalabala. Ugqatso lubonisa iingxabano zaselwandle ezibandakanya iKhmer kunye nabakhuphisana nabo kwixesha elidlulileyo. Kukho umoya wolonwabo njengoko abalandeli bamaqela bewaqhwabela izandla.
UMnyhadala waManzi usebenza ukugcina ilifa lenkcubeko yaseCambodia kunye nesazisi ukongeza ekubhiyozeleni ubutyebi bendalo. Ibonisa ubutyebi belifa, izithethe, kunye nembonakalo yobugcisa yesizwe. Ukongeza, ikhuthaza ukuhlonitshwa kunye nomanyano phakathi kwabantu njengoko bemanyana ukuze bathathe inxaxheba kulo mbhiyozo waminyaka le.
FUNDA NGOKUGQITHISILEYO:
Abakhenkethi banokufumana inkcubeko ebanzi kunye nebanzi yaseCambodia. Iitempile ezininzi ezindala kunye nezakhiwo zinokufunyanwa apho, ezibonisa ilifa lobuHindu, ubuBhuda, ubuJainism, kunye nezinye iinkolo kunye neenkcubeko ezininzi. Funda ngakumbi ku Iimyuziyam eziphezulu zokutyelelwa eCambodia.
Usuku lwenkululeko
Minyaka le ngoNovemba 9, iKhambodiya ikhumbula ixesha leminyaka engama-90 yolawulo lobukoloniyali baseFransi ngokubhiyozela inkululeko yayo. Isikhumbuzo seNkululeko yaseKhambodiya ePhnom Penh sisebenza njengendawo ephambili yemibhiyozo, kwaye apho inkosi yaseKhambodia ilawula umsitho kwaye ikhanyise ukukhanya kwesikhumbuzo.
Abantu bazo zonke iinkalo bazimase lo msitho wokuwonga iinkokeli zombutho wenkululeko nokubonisa ukuthanda izwe. UKumkani uNorodom Sihanouk, owaziwa ngokuba "nguBawo weNkululeko" ngenxa yoloyiso lwakhe luka-1953 kwinzame zokuhlutha ulongamo olupheleleyo eFransi, ukwawongwa ngoSuku lweNkululeko. Bonke abantu baseCambodia babhiyozela uSuku lweNkululeko, ikhefu lesizwe, ngokuzingca.
Usuku lweminyanya
I-Pchum Ben, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Ancestor's Day, ngumbhiyozo wenkolo weentsuku ezili-15 eCambodia efikelela incopho yayo malunga nosuku lweshumi elinesihlanu lwenyanga ye-10 yekhalenda ye-Khmer kwaye ibonisa ukugqitywa kwe-Buddhist Lent. Ngokulungiselela abefundisi nemiphefumlo yabangasekhoyo izidlo, abantu baseKhambodiya bazukisa kangangeenkulungwane ezisixhenxe zookhokho babo.
Intsomi yasekuhlaleni ithi ebudeni beli xesha, iingcango zesihogo ziyavuleka, nto leyo evumela imimoya yabafileyo—ingakumbi abo bathuthunjiswa esihogweni—ukuba ingene ize yenze amadini kubazalwana bayo abaphilayo. Ukuze kondliwe imimoya eqwengayo, izalamane zilungiselela ukutya, ingakumbi amadombolo erayisi ancangathi abizwa ngokuba yibay ben, zize zikuphose emoyeni okanye emhlabeni. Ukongeza, baya kwiipagoda ezininzi ukuze babonelele ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokubongoza intlalontle yezinyanya zabo.
I-Pchum Ben ithathwa njengomthendeleko okhethekileyo waseCambodia kuba ubonisa unxibelelwano olusondeleyo phakathi kwabo baphila kunye nomfi., kunye noxabiso nabantu belo lizwe kunye nokuhlonela abantwana. Ikwangumzuzu wokuqwalasela izenzo zomntu kunye nekarma kwaye ucele inceba kwizinyanya.
Umsitho wokuLima wasebukhosini
Umsitho wokuLima wasebukhosini waseCambodia: Umbhiyozo weXesha lokuTyalwa kwerayisi
Umbhiyozo wokuLima kaKumkani, okanye uPreah Finyelela uPithi Chrot Preah Neangkol eKhmer, ngowona mnyhadala ubalulekileyo nonomdla waseCambodia. Rhoqo ngonyaka ngoMeyi, ngokwesiqhelo kusuku lwesine lwenyanga eyehlayo kwinyanga yesithandathu, eli siko lakudala lasebukhosini lenziwa ukuphawula isiqalo sesiqhelo sexesha lokulima irayisi kunye noqikelelo lwesivuno sonyaka olandelayo.
Lo msitho ukwasebenza njengendlela yokubulela nokudumisa kwimimoya nezithixo ngokukhusela abantu nelizwe kwaneentsikelelo zabo.
Intshayelelo yoMsitho wasebukhosini wokuLima osuka eIndiya yamandulo usukela emva kwixesha leFunan (inkulungwane yoku-1 ukuya kweye-6). I-Reamker, umnyhadala waseKhambodiya osekwe kwiRamayana yakudala yaseIndiya, kunye neminye imisebenzi yoncwadi lwamaBhuda nayo ibhekisa kulo msitho.
Umfanekiso wobhedu kaBalarama ophethe ikhuba elisusela kwinkulungwane yesithandathu wafunyanwa eAngkor Borei, ikomkhulu lembali laseFunan. Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kathixo wenziwa ukuze kugcinwe ukulima yaye ugqalwa njengobungqina obufanelekileyo.
Ukumkani okanye umthunywa wakhe wongamela esi sithethe aze alathise ukulima kwindawo yesikhumbuzo esebenzisa iinkomo ezimbini zasebukhosini. Amagosa amane amabhinqa asebukhosini emva koko alandela ukumkani okanye umthunywa wakhe aze asasaze imbewu yerayisi kwiikreyidi. Ukuqala konyaka wokuvuna kunye nemeko echumileyo yomhlaba imelwa ngokuhambelana nokulima.
Iinkomo zasebukhosini ziqhutyelwa kwindawo apho iipleyiti ezi-7 ezizaliswe kukutya zibonelelwa kule mijikelo mithathu ilandelayo yokulima. Irayisi, iimbotyi, umbona, isesame, amanzi ohlaza newayini ziphakathi kwezo zitya. Izityalo eziya kuba zininzi okanye ezinqongopheleyo, ubungakanani bemvula okanye imbalela, kunye nezinye izinto ezenzeka kunyaka ozayo zonke zixelwa kwangaphambili ngokutya okutyiwa yinkomo.
Umnyhadala we-Imperial Plowing Festival ngumsitho ochulumancisayo waseCambodia kuluntu kunye nomsitho wenkolo nowasebukhosini. Amawaka ababukeli baye beze kulo msitho kunye nembewu yerayisi eyahlwayelwa ngamagosa asebhotwe.
Ngethamsanqa kunye nokuchuma, abantu bagcina okanye batyala le mbewu, ethathwa njengelungileyo. Lo msitho ubalaselisa amaqhina anzulu akhoyo phakathi kwabemi baseKhambodiya kunye neendlela zabo eziphambili zokuphila, ukulima irayisi.
Phakathi kwezinto zayo ezikhethekileyo nezibalulekileyo njengomnyhadala kunye nenkcubeko yaseKhambodiya nguMsitho wokulima waseRoyal. Ibonisa imbali etyebileyo namasiko obu bukhosi bangaphambili kunye nabemi babo. Ikwabonisa indlela abemi baseKhambodiya abamhlonela ngayo nabamxabisa ngayo ukumkani wabo, ilizwe labo, iinkolelo zabo nookhokho babo.
Usuku lokuzalwa lukaKumkani uNorodom Sihamoni
Olu suku lubalulekile njengomthendeleko waseCambodia kuba usebenza njengesikhumbuzo sento eyenzekayo phantsi kweKhmer Rouge kunye nePol Po. Olu suku lukhumbula uKumkani uNorodom Sihamoni, ukumkani olawulayo waseKhambodiya, kunye nokuzalwa kunye nokubekwa kwakhe esihlalweni. Nyaka ngamnye, kukho iintsuku ezintathu ezongezelelweyo zemibhiyozo.
Phantsi kozwilakhe olunogonyamelo lukazwilakhe onguMarxist uPol Pot, iKhmer Rouge yayilawula iKhambodiya ukususela ngowe-1975 ukusa kowe-1979. Bangaphezu kwezigidi ezibini abantu ababhubhileyo ngenxa yeenzame zikaPol Pot zokusebenzisa ubunjineli bezentlalo ukuguqula abantu baseCambodia babe "lugqatso lweenkosi" kwisizwe esikuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia.
I-Khmer Rouge yabulala okanye yakhupha izigidi zabantu, yayalela ukuba kufuduswe inyambalala yabantu ezixekweni, izigidi zabantu zabulawa okanye zagxothwa, yaye oko kwashiya ilifa elinzima neliyinkxwaleko.
FUNDA NGOKUGQITHISILEYO:
Phonononga ezinye ze izilwanyana zasendle ezimangalisayo kunye nendalo yaseCambodia, ibalaselisa ezinye zezilwanyana ezikhethekileyo, ezinqabileyo, okanye ezisengozini kweli lizwe.
FUNDA NGOKUGQITHISILEYO:
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zee-visa ezikhoyo eCambodia. I-Visa yabakhenkethi baseCambodia (uHlobo T) okanye i-Visa yeShishini yaseCambodia (Uhlobo E) ekhoyo kwi-intanethi lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kubahambi okanye abatyeleli beshishini. Funda ngakumbi kwi Iintlobo zeeVisa zaseCambodian.
Abemi baseAustralia, Abemi baseCanada, Abemi baseFrance kwaye Abemi baseNtaliyane banelungelo lokufaka isicelo kwi-intanethi ye-e-Visa yaseCambodia.